Mathematically proved

BREAKING NEWS..

Mathematically proved:
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OBAMA + OSAMA =DRAMA… :-D

Cheetah Isn't The Fastest Animal in the World

The cheetah is the world’s fastest land animal, going from 0 to 70 mph (113 km per hour) in just 3 seconds. Even a Porsche 997 can’t accelerate that fast. Nevertheless, the cheetah is the fastest only in terms of absolute speed but they can’t maintain that pace for long. Pronghorn Antelope, the second fastest land animal and many other antelope species can easily outrun a cheetah over a long distance. The cheetah must catch an antelope in the first minute or less of the chase; after that the cheetah has to slow down but the antelope does not (there is sayings that fear have long legs).

Cheetah

Fastest Land Animals

1) Cheetah 70 mph (113 km per hour)

2) Pronghorn Antelope 61mph (98 km per hour)

3) Wildebeest 50 mph (80 km per hour)

4) Lion 50 mph (80 km per hour)

5) Thomson’s Gazelle 50 mph (80 km per hour)

Sailfish

Fastest Water Animals

1) Sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) 68 mph (109 km per hour)

2) Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) 60 mph (97 km per hour)

3) Marlin (Makaira) 50 mph (80 km per hour)

4) Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) (47.88 mph 75.6 km per hour)

5) Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) leaping 46.35 mph (74. 6 km per hour)

Fatest Air Animals:

Peregrine Falcon

Swifts can fly at 106 miles per hour (171 km per hour).

Peregrine falcons are averaging 25-34 mph (40-55 km/h) in traveling flight, reaching speeds up to 69 mph (112 km/h) in direct pursuit of prey, but can dive even faster – at impressive 242 mph (389 km/h) speed and easily catch the swift.

Conclusion: Cheetah is the fastest land animal, sailfish is the worlds fastest water animal and peregrine falcon is the words fastest air animal.  Do you think cheetah is fastest than the other two? Yes, of course cheetah maybe faster than sailfish but cheetah isn’t the fastest animal in the world. And answer to the question “who is the fastest animal in the world?” is: Peregrine Falcons(389 km/h).

Stepping feet” Motion Illusion

What to observe

Observe the movement of blue and yellow “feet”. The feet seem to step alternately, like tiny feet going tip-tap-tip-tap… This is more pronounced if you do not look directly on the feet, but between them. In reality their movement is always parallel. I find this phenomenon particularly cute.

What to do

With ‘grating±’ you can toggle grating visibility. Without the grating, it is obvious that the feet are not stepping out of phase. ‘contrast±’ dims the grating, helping to appreciate that the feet are always moving completely in parallel. The value stepper at the bottom controls speed.

The stepper above the speed stepper sets the number of bars per foot. This is preset to 4, the effect occurs also at all other even values. For odd values, e.g. 5, the motion also becomes odd: instead of stepping alternately, the feet seem to move like worms, extending and shortening. [This option added 2012.]

The sliders at top and bottom control the luminance of their respective foot. When you make the yellow foot brighter than the light bars of the grating, it does not lag behind any more. When you make it very dark, it moves together with the blue foot. The sliders (added 2010) allow you to experiment with the explanations below, I still prefer the “level 2” explanantion.

There are more buttons with (hopefully) obvious functions.

Comments

Stuart Anstis first demonstrated this illusion in 2003.

Level-1-explanation:

Press the “Color±” button. Now it becomes obvious that the edges of the light ‘foot’ merge with the light bars, and are only visible when they traverse the dark bars. So half of the time there really is no motion cue, and perception goes into default, i.e. no motion. For the dark foot the same holds, only at alternate times.

With reduced contrast of the grating (button “Contrast±”) isoluminance of edges and grating is no longer present, so the effect disappears.

The “worm-like” movement for an odd number of bars per foot is automatically explained as well.

Level-2-explanation:

Level-1-explanation plus: The edge information is only contained in colour, and the (magnocellular) motion system cannot see it.

Level-3-explanation:

The effect still persists when there is a slight contrast between foot and grating (can be achieved with the sliders). Anstis (2004) attributes this to slowing down of motion under conditions of reduced contrast (Thompson 1982), and goes much deeper into the subject.

Level-2007-explanation:

Just when I thought this illusion can be easily understood, there appears this complicated paper Howe et al. (2007), seemingly disproving my above thoughts and suggesting a very intricate explanation. Recently, I included this paper in a seminar and we tried to follow its evidence and reasoning, and couldn't. In consequence, my favoured explanation regresses to levels 1+2 above.

Sources

The demonstration above was inspired by Stuart’s version. Thanks to Wolfgang Wesemann for first drawing my attention to this phenomenon, and Wolfgang Beyer for bright ideas.

Anstis SM (2003) Moving objects appear to slow down at low contrasts. Neural Netw 16:933–938

Anstis SM (2004) Factors affecting footsteps: contrast can change the apparent speed, amplitude and direction of motion. Vision Res 44:2171–2178

Thompson P (1982) Perceived rate of movement depends on contrast. Vision Res 22:377–380

Howe PDL, Thompson PG, Anstis SM, Sagreiya H, Livingstone MJ (2006) Explaining the footsteps, belly dancer, Wenceslas, and kickback illusions. Journal of Vision 6, 1396–1405

Taj Mahal -An Eternal Love Story

Indus Valley Facts at a Glance

Indus Valley Facts at a Glance

The state which has accounted for highest number of Harappan sites after independence :Gujarat Three Harappan sites that have yielded three stages of Harappan Civilization (Pre-Harappan, Harappan and post-Harappan : Rojde, Desalpur and Surkotada ) Most commonly engraved animal on Harappan seals : Humpless bull or unicorn Site which have yielded evidence of a pre-Harappan settlement: Kot-Diji, Kalibangan and Harappa Major Harappan cities that acted as ports :Lothal, Balakot, Suktagendor and Allahdin (Pakistan) The Harappan city with most impressive drainage system : Mohenjo-daro The geometric shape of the region covered by the Indus civilisation : Triangle Wheeler said: Indus Valley is the colony of Sumerians Lions have not been found anywhere in Harappa. Mother goddess was not worshipped at Rangpur. A Kushana period Stupa has been found from Mohenjo-daro

Evidence of cultivation of peas. Till has been traced from Harappa, paddy from Lothal Harappans had trade relations with Mesopotamians around 2300 BC. Largest Harappan site in India is situated in Haryana Rakhigarhi, second largest is Dholavira in Gujarat. Dimension of Brick-length 11 inches, width -5.5 inches, depth -2.75 inches, ratio 4 2:1 Harappan wheels were axeless Mohenjo-daro had 10.5 mt wide road. In Harappa, perhaps because of river Ravi the Granery is outside the fort. In the Lothal Port, there was a dockyard which is 216 meters in length and 37 meters in breadth Sukotada is the only Indus site where remains of a horse have actually been found. Terracoota seals found at Mehargarh were the earliest precussors of Harappan seals. Wider road of Harappa was 30 foot. Most common materials used for the Harappan stone sculpture : Limestone and steatite Time span of the Harappan civilization as fixed on the basis of radio-carbon dating: 2300 BC - 1750 BC.

Interesting Facts About India

• The name 'India' is derived from the River Indus, the valleys around which were the home of the early settlers. The Aryan worshippers referred to the river Indus as the Sindhu.
• The Persian invaders converted it into Hindu. The name 'Hindustan' combines Sindhu and Hindu and thus refers to the land of the Hindus
• Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus are studies, which originated in India.
• The world's highest cricket ground is in Chail, Himachal Pradesh. Built in 1893 after leveling a hilltop, this cricket pitch is 2444 meters above sea level
• Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to mankind. The Father of Medicine, Charaka,consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.
• India exports software to 90 countries.
• Jainism and Buddhism were founded in India in 600 B.C. and 500 B.C. respectively.
• Islam is India's and the world's second largest religion.
• Jews and Christians have lived continuously in India since 200 B.C. and 52 A.D. respectively
• Sikhism originated in the Holy city of Amritsar in Punjab. Famous for housing the Golden Temple, the city was founded in 1577.

Indian Railway Facts

Following are the some of the important Indian Railway Facts

• The total distance covered by the 14,300 trains on the Indian Railways everyday, equals three & half times the distance to moon
• The first train on Indian soil ran between Bombay and Thane on the 16th of April 1853
• IR has about 63,028 route kms. of track
• IR employs about 1.55 million people
• It carries over 13 million passengers & 1.3 million tones of freight everyday
• It runs about 14,300 trains daily
• IR has about 7,000 railway stations
• The longest platform in the world is at Kharagpur and is 2,733 ft. in length
• Nehru Setu on Sone River is the longest Railway bridge
• 42 Railway companies operated in the country before independence
• Electric Locomotives are manufactured at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, Chittaranjan
• Coaches are manufactured at ICF/Chennai, RCF/Kapurthala and BEML/Bangaluru
• The national Rail Museum at New Delhi was set-up in 1977
• People Employed in Indian Railway are about 1.6 million
• Stations across State Lines are Navapur (Maharashtra and Gujarat) and Bhawani Mandi (Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan)
• Classes of travel on Indian Railway: Ist AC, 2nd AC, 3rd AC, AC Chair Car IInd sleeper & IInd ordinary
• Railway Station with all the Three Gauges is Siliguri Railway Station

First/Longest/Oldest in Indian Railways

First Passenger Train Ran On	16th April 1853 (between Bombay to Thane)
First Railway Bridge	Dapoorie Viaduct on the Mumbai-Thane route
First Rail Tunnel	Parsik Tunnel
First Ghats Covered by the Rail lines	Thal and Bhore Ghats
First Underground Railway	Calcutta METRO
First Computerized Reservation System started in	New Delhi (1986)
First Electric Train ran on	3rd Feb' 1925 (between Bombay VT and Kurla)
Toilets on Trains were introduced in	1891 (1st Class) & 1907 (lower classes)
Shortest Station Name	Ib (Orissa)
Longest Station Name	Sri Venkatanarasimharajuvariapeta (Tamil Nadu)
Busiest Railway Station	Lucknow (64 trains everyday)
Longest Run (Time)	Himsagar Express (3751 km in 74 hrs and 55 min)
Shortest Run	Route between Nagpur to Ajni (3km)
Longest Run for Daily Train	Kerala Express (3054 km in 42.5 hrs)
Longest Non-Stop Run (Distance)	Trivandrum Rajdhani (528 km in 6.5 hrs)
Longest Railway Platform in the World	Kharagpur (2,733 ft in length)
Longest Railway Bridge	Nehru Setu on Sone River (10044ft in length)
Longest Tunnel	Karbude On Konkan Railway between Monkey hill & Khandala (6.5 km)
Oldest Preserved Locomotive	Fairy Queen (1855), still in working order
Indian Railway's Fastest Train	Bhopal-Shatabdi (runs at a speed up to 140 Km/ph)
Train with Maximum Number of Halts	Howrah-Amritsar Express (115 halts)

Funny Facts of Life

Funny Facts of Life

There’s a fine line between fishing and standing on the shore like an idiot.

Don’t worry about the world ending today…
It’s already tomorrow in New Zealand.
(unless you’re in New Zealand -then start worrying)

There’s too much fraternising with the enemy.

Outside of a dog, a book is man’s best friend. Inside of a dog, it’s too dark to read.

Character is what you are.
Reputation is what people think you are.

Drive carefully
It’s not only cars that can be recalled by their maker.

A loser is a window washer on the 44th floor who steps back to admire his work..

Friends may come and go, but enemies accumulate.

A man who says marriage is a 50-50 proposition doesn’t understand two things: 1 - Women, 2 - Fractions.

Money can’t buy happiness. But it sure makes misery easier to live with.

It has recently been discovered that research causes cancer in rats.

If you are given an open-book exam, you will forget your book. COROLLARY: If you are given a take-home test, you will forget where you live.

The trouble with doing something right the first time is that nobody appreciates how difficult it was.

A day without sunshine is like, you know, night.

On the other hand, you have different fingers.

Collection of Brahmanandam morphed pics / Brahmanandam funny pics

Collection of Brahmanandam morphed pics / Brahmanandam funny pics 

<no hardcore feelings just for laugh>

Collection of Brahmanandam morphed pics / Brahmanandam funny pics part 2